Age & Fertility: Your Chances of Conceiving in Your 20s, 30s, and 40s

How Age Affects Fertility

Age is one of the most significant factors influencing fertility. Women are born with a fixed number of eggs, and both quantity and quality decline over time. While many conceive naturally in their 30s and even 40s, the chances of pregnancy decrease with age, and the risk of complications increases.

For men, fertility also declines, though more gradually. Sperm quality, motility, and DNA integrity are affected by age, which can impact conception and increase the risk of genetic conditions.

Fertility in Your 20s

Your 20s are the peak reproductive years, with the highest number of healthy eggs and the lowest risk of pregnancy complications.

• Chance of conceiving per cycle: Around 25-30% 
• Miscarriage risk: 10% for women under 30

While fertility treatments are rarely needed at this stage, conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis can still impact conception. If you have irregular cycles or difficulty conceiving after a year of trying, seeking fertility advice can help.

Fertility in Your 30s

Fertility gradually declines in your early 30s, with a sharper drop after 35. Egg quality decreases, and the risk of miscarriage and chromosomal abnormalities rises.

• Chance of conceiving per cycle: Around 20% in early 30s, dropping to 10-15% after 35
• Miscarriage risk: 20% for women aged 35-39
• Fertility considerations: Conditions like fibroids and diminished ovarian reserve become more common

If trying to conceive in your mid-to-late 30s, preconception health, ovulation tracking, and lifestyle factors play a crucial role. If pregnancy does not occur within six months of trying, consulting a fertility specialist is recommended.

Fertility in Your 40s

By the age of 40, fertility has declined significantly, though natural conception is still possible for some. The risk of miscarriage, chromosomal abnormalities, and pregnancy complications increases.

• Chance of conceiving per cycle: 5-10% at 40, dropping below 5% after 42
• Miscarriage risk: Around 35-50% for women over 40
• Fertility considerations: Higher risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and premature birth

For many women in their 40s, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as IVF become the best option. Egg freezing in the 30s can help preserve fertility for future pregnancy.

Male Fertility and Age

Although men produce sperm throughout life, fertility still declines with age.

• Sperm motility & quality decline after 40, reducing the likelihood of conception
• Increased risk of genetic mutations 
• Longer time to conceive – Couples with male partners over 45 may take 5x longer to achieve pregnancy

How to Improve Fertility at Any Age

While age is a key factor in fertility, lifestyle changes and medical support can optimise your chances of conception.

• Healthy lifestyle – Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and reduce stress
• Quit smoking & limit alcohol – These can accelerate fertility decline
• Check ovarian reserve – AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) testing can assess egg reserve
• Consider egg freezing – Best done before 35 for higher success rates
• Seek fertility advice early – If trying for 6-12 months without success, consult a fertility specialist

Take Control of Your Fertility

Age plays a key role in fertility, but with the right knowledge and support, you can take proactive steps to improve your chances of conception. Whether you’re planning for the future, trying to conceive now, or exploring fertility preservation, Dr. Basu offers expert, compassionate care tailored to your needs.

Book a consultation today to discuss your fertility options and take the next step toward growing your family.